Digital video glossary (mel)

digital video glossary

How video material can be incorporated into interactive media applications

Explain and when appropriate give examples to illustrate and
consolidate your explanation. Demonstrate your understanding don’t
just copy and paste.

short films
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film
as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes
or less, including all credits"

promotional material,
promotional material has become popular since the age of websites like
Kickstarter  when up and coming companys create a short film to show
there product and explain it and try and gain investment.
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/653510710/till?ref=hero

film trailers
A trailer or preview is an advertisement or a commercial for a feature
film that will be shown at the cinema to help build hype around the film and to get viewers 
Sometimes films will release trailers that have different ratings show
they can be shown to a wider audience a good trailer can make a film
as it build suspense and hype.
Mad max is a film that had an incredibly well put together and makes excitement
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWNWi-ZWL3c



user-generated content
user generated content is becoming big business in the modern world
with the sudden explosion on bloggers and vloggers in the 2010 era
these are usually normal relatable people making content tailered to a
certain audience websites like youtube have caused a massive up rising
in vloggers who usually are good looking young people talking about
thought provoking things our doing viral ‘challenges’

a example of a vlogger who has broken into the mainstream is Alfie deyes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfie_Deyes



viral
viral videos are when a video usually made by a small company or
single person that’s becomes shared multiple times online and becomes
famous for a small amount of time. Companys have since caught on to
this and create videos to go viral to create products.

http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/dcf83410c7/insane-double-rainbow-guy

marketing, advertising
‘Advertising (or advertizing)[1][2][3] is a form of marketing
communication used to persuade an audience to take or continue some
action, usually with respect to a commercial offering, or political or
ideological support.

In Latin, ad vertere means "to turn toward".[4] The purpose of
advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a
company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid
for by sponsors and viewed via various old media; including mass media
such as newspaper, magazines, television advertisement, radio
advertisement, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such
as blogs, websites or text messages.’

Advertising is a very powerful tool in the media industry and
everywhere you go you are constantly bombarded with ads in recent
times the uality of advertising has increased as company’s know they
have to stand out from the pack to get noticed, m&s are famous for
there ads in which they spend a lot of money creating visually
appealing ads.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kr_N3Tl2WTM



virtual reality tours
VR is a relatively new form pf media that has only come about in the
past few years because of the rapid rate of development technology it
has sprung into the public eye and more and more companies are
starting to integrate products around it especially in gaming headsets
like the oculus rift which was recently bought by face book which
shows how much tit has taken off

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Rift


games

gaming in recent years has become one of the biggest profiteers from
the technological age with games like GTA V making more money in there
first month than the entire film industry, gaming was once seen as a
niche but thanks to mobile devices and smartphones with small app by
small developers  it has become part of the mainstream and is a one of
the most heavily consumed sections of the media.

e-learning platforms
 e learning platforms are also born from the modern era and have
recently been adopted by education organizations as a part of their
curriculum as example is MOODLE a website that schools and colleges
subscribe to and it makes it possible for students to hand in all
their work on line without the need of dealing with paper that can be
easily lost

world wide web: try watching http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/z2nbgk7

What sort of things do you need to consider when producing videos to
be distributed in the following ways
•       email attachments, the size of the file it may be useful to compress
the file so that people with slower broadband can access it easily.
•       DVD, the cost of producing dvds is quite high so in the modern day
unless there is a big budget it would usually work out cheaper to make
it available on sites like Netflix that will pay royalties depening on
how much the show s watched, dvds are usually larger than cds (4.7 or 9.4gb)
•       CD, the cost of producing cds is quite high so in the modern day
unless there is a big budget it would usually work out cheaper to make
it available on sites like itunes that will pay a you  percentage on
how many downloads are bought which will save you the cost of
producing CDs. CDs are usually only 750mb so you cannot fit much information on there.
•       Kiosks, kiosks are a type of almost interactive media so you must be
sure when you are producing the media that the use interface is easy
to understand and use what information is going to be provided and what aspect ratio and what size will the screen be.

•       Presentations, when creating a presentation you would usually be
pitching to a client so you must make sure that everything you show
them is understandable at a glance and that it flows together without
them getting confused an being bombarded with information.
•       mobile devices, mobile devices have in recent times become the
popular way for people to consume media the media consumed is often
short videos so you must make your interesting enough that they will
not switch off halfway through video.


Technology:
digital video capture: ‘Video capture is the process of converting an
analog video signal—such as that produced by a video camera or DVD
player—to digital video. The resulting digital data are computer files
referred to as a digital video stream, or more often, simply video
stream. This is in contrast with screencasting, in which previously
digitized video is captured while displayed on a digital monitor. TV
tuner cards have a television tuner with the capabilities to capture
broadcast television.’

This is can be very uselfull for tv studios who are wanting to re
release there films in HD years after they are produced so they can
remaster them into crisper looking images.


compression (lossy, lossless):

when transferring media files that are large you can sometimes need to
compress them you can do this two ways the first way (lossy) will
alter the quality of the image and make it lower quality whereas
lossless compressions to not discard any data so the quality stays
almost the same, Tidal is a music streaming website that streams
lossless audio but it has not gained much popularity because off the
size of the files and the amount of broadband it uses.



Digital video file formats (where can the following formats be seen to
be mostly used
Mpg.
.mp4: Mp4 is today’s defacto universal standard for video files on the
web.  MPEG4 is a sharing format that produces tiny files that still
look pretty good.  Not as good as .MOV, IMHO but they are so much
smaller in size the trade-off is worth it if you are mostly concerned
with size, not high resolution.

.mov files: .mov as the file extension means the video is a Quicktime
Movie file, which is an Apple software product. Quicktime movie files
are very common and one of my personal favourites. MOV functions
frequently as both a sharing file but is quality enough to use as
source video inside of an editing program.  In fact, if you download
stock footage chances are fairly high that it will be an .mov file.

.avi AVI is what’s known as a container format.  (Sometimes referred
to as a wrapper.)  There are many formats in this category and here’s
what it means.  Let’s make an analogy of a “container” for liquid.
The container is the container; it will hold any kind of liquid.  (Or
even a solid!)  You can put water or gasoline into the container.
Same with a “container” video format.

wmv, A Microsoft format. .wmv stands for Windows Media Video.  .wmv
files are tiny because they are highly compressed.  This is one of the
smallest  sharing formats, so it is for the end stages of your video
project.
.flv, means it is a Flash video format.  This is an extremely common
and popular format because it is small but still looks good.  This is
the most common sharing format on the web there is.

swf, SWF (/ˈswɪf/ SWIF)[2] is an abbreviation for small web format, an
Adobe Flash file format used for multimedia, vector graphics and
ActionScript.[3] Originating with FutureWave Software, then
transferred to Macromedia, and then coming under the control of Adobe,
SWF files can contain animations or applets of varying degrees of
interactivity and function. It may also be used for programs, commonly
browser games, using ActionScript. (wikipeadia)

SWF files are similar to photoshop files in that they can be edited in
different adobe programs swf files are rarely used for plain video and
mostly are for animation work only

.ASF) ‘Advanced Systems Format (formerly Advanced Streaming Format,
Active Streaming Format) is Microsoft's proprietary digital
audio/digital video container format, especially meant for streaming
media. ASF is part of the Media Foundation framework.’ This was mainly
used for programs like windows movie maker


Sources:
http://videoproductiontips.com/digital-video-file-formats-explained/




Streaming methods there are 3 types explain the difference
•       Downloading: downloading is when you copy a file off the internet
and then keep the file on your device so you can watch it offline but
only once you have downloaded it fully
•       Progressive Downloading: ‘A progressive download is the transfer of
digital media files from a server to a client, typically using the
HTTP protocol when initiated from a computer. The consumer may begin
playback of the media before the download is complete.’ (Wiki) the
main difference between this and streaming is that you can watch the
content  while its being downloaded but then store the file on your
computer
•       Streaming ‘Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received
by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider.
The verb "to stream" refers to the process of delivering media in this
manner’ this means that you can watch the files coming from the server
and they get downloaded but then you do not store the files.''

data transfer rate; The list below can all be changed but what affect
does it have on the file and the quality and why?

file size: file size depends on the frame rate and resolution of the
video so higher frame rate/resolution videos will be large files and
will need compressing if uploading onto platforms like youtube.

resolution: resolution is the amount of pixels on the screen this
effects how clear the image looks and the size of the file
data rate - In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (sometimes
written bitrate or as a variable R[1]) is the number of bits that are
conveyed or processed per unit of time. An example of this is the
upload and downloading
frame rate, this is how many frames (images) are taken per second to
make a file the higher the frame rate the bigger the file but it also
means that you can slow the film down without make it juddery.
Compressor, compressing files is making them into smaller files so
that they can be transferred more quickly there are various programs
which do this such as adobe brige that will convert your file into a
required format or you can export film in different formats, you can
also zip files for download so that they take up less broadband usage
then unzip them once downloaded

Explain the two main aspect ratios which are:-
•       4:3: this is the aspect ratio of old televisions and if you watch tv
from the 80s you will see the black bars on the side if you hve a
widescreen this means that they image is a short rectangle as opposed
to a widescreen.
•       16:9: is the standard aspect ratio since the dawn of widescreen tvs
they have a more cinematic feel to them.


Media players below explain their main pros and cons

•       Flash Player, http://www.hyperwrite.com/Articles/showarticle.aspx?id=36
Pros •’it Is widely used. This means that most visitors to a Web page
incorporating a Flash animation will be able to view it without
downloading and installing the Player application. (In fact, probably
96% of Web users already have Flash Player installed’,

Cons although it is widely used flash is not supported on ios devices
and most smartphones so it can only really be used on desktop/laptops.
Flash is also proprietary (owned by adobe) which is contrary to the
idea of the web being a free place.

•       QuickTime,
QuickTime is an extensible multimedia framework developed by Apple
Inc., capable of handling various formats of digital video, picture,
sound, panoramic images, and interactivity. pros Quick time is very
good for os devices and compresses I high quality video well.
It is very apple centered and is not very compatible over many other
operating systems like widows and linux.

•       Windows Media Player,
pros it runs well on windows and has built in movie editing
capabilities and works in wmv files which are very small but high
quality
cons it is no no longer compatible with other operating systems like
macs which is what a lot of professionals use so quick time is often
favoured.


•       RealMedia Player, (I could find very little on this online)
it is not very good and it uses a lot of disk space

Can not remove the file info bar when displaying pictures. There should a an easy and simple way to do this.

•       DivX
 DivX is easy to use and attractive, this means that people who don’t use it much will be able to understand its UI.

You can sometimes experience problems streaming to other tvs.

•     
VLC media player is a popular, open source media player that runs on the Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, and Android platforms. It can play a large array of media formats, including files stored on discs, audio and video files downloaded from the Internet, and streaming media. It can read  MPEG, MP4, MOV, WMV, H.263, WAV, FLV, and AVI. The player can also convert media into many of the same formats that it is able to read, including the MPEG, ASF, AAC, and MP3 formats.

VideoLAN VLC media player is a great solution for home users that want to play their favorite media files. While it may not offer as many features as NullSoft Winamp, Apple iTunes, or Microsoft Windows Media Player, it can recognize and open more formats. For that reason alone, it is worth installing VideoLAN VLC media player on your computer.

Finally explain what it is and what it means to the buyer or seller

    •    Digital rights management systems

DRM is a term referring to various different access control technologies that are used to restrict the use and distribution of copyrighted goods in this case various forms of media. This means companys can track who is watching there products and also take down content poseted illegally on the internet so they can conserve there profits and make sure people cannot copy it.

·      Codec

A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder-decoder or, less commonly, compressor-decompressor.

A codec encodes a data stream or signal for transmission, storage or encryption, or decodes it for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media and video editing applications. A video camera's analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts its analog signals into digital signals, which are then passed through a video compressor for digital transmission or storage. A receiving device then runs the signal through a video decompressor, then a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for analog display.

Three main broadcast formats

Pal

Ntsc

Secam

Digital revolution of the 1990s maxe video production cheap and available to the masses which made in almost impossible to regulate

Digital video,

With no regulation the theory was the best formats would become dominant like digital natural selection

Well known codecs

Sorenson 3

h.264

cinepak

frame rate based codecs

temporal  or field based codecs

well known examples are cinepak and motion jpeg

they work by examining and compressing each frame of video individually

and they have two main disadvantages they can be slow to encode and the file sizes can be quite large, there is a minimum of three megapixles